putuW204

My car had fan problem that would start running right after starting, then go turn off after a few minutes, and the engine light would turn on/off at random times. As I was driving at night in the middle of nowhere the temperature gauge ran all the way to the top, with the coolant notification on. The temperature light came on and red light in the instrument cluster saying to turn car off. I pulled over and cut it off to let it cool. Before I pulled over the engine power was weak, the speed not going over 80km/h. When i went to turn it back on it would not start.

I had it towed and now its stuck in my drive way. My question is, what could the problem be? I had refilled the coolant with water when the problem occurred. How can I check for leaks or radiator or water pump problems? When I pour water in the coolant, i don't see any leaks. Is it possible I blew up the top-gasket? Does it have some sort of engine protection mechanism? What else can I check? My car is a w204 C180 CGI, automatic, 2011 model. It is out of the maintenance plan.