I’ve dealt with this exact fault on a W204 before, and it drove me mad at first. Everything checked out, bulb looked fine, fuses were good, full beam and fogs worked, yet the dash kept showing LEFT DIPPED BEAM. In my case, and in many others I’ve seen, it wasn’t the bulb at all. On cars with Xenon headlights, the dipped beam is controlled by a ballast (control unit). When that starts to fail, the light won’t fire even though the bulb itself is still okay. What made it click for me was a previous knock on the same side. Just like yours, the light worked for weeks afterwards, then suddenly failed. Turned out the impact had weakened the ballast, and vibration finished it off later. This is the exact type of ballast that fixed it for me:
https://xenons4u.co.uk/130732915602-...trol-unit.html. Before buying one, I swapped the left and right ballasts and the fault moved to the other side, problem confirmed.