I have clayed my cars to remove spots and other contaminants from the paint. I use Griots Garage clay and Speed Shine but there are others that must be as good. The Speed Shine is used as a lubricant and the clay itself wont hurt the paint. Spritz on the lubricant and work the clay over the spots. They should come off. As to prevention, the best way is to stay away from sprinklers.

To make it easier to remove the spots, I use a good carnuba wax but others will give you their favorite products. I recently had a fender repainted on my 210 wagon and the shop's written instructions warned against using any silicon products on the paint.