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Not necessary. Historically the number used to correspond to atmospheric equivalent of engine volume, i.e. 500 - 5 liters, 600 - 6 liters, and so on. With the turbos it is different story. You could have 3 liter turbo engine with power of 4.5 liter non-turbo engine (like GL450 post 2014).
Plus each different country model has different ECU tuning due to local regulations. So GL450 in US goes as GL500 in Europe
Mercedes SLR McLaren 722 S Is Extremely Rare Example Modified by McLaren
Slideshow: A one-of-one U.S.-spec Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren Roadster became even rarer after a factory-backed transformation at McLaren's headquarters.
