Check if there are leaks after the MAF (cracked PCV/breather hoses, intake boot, loose clamps, vacuum lines). A small leak can cause lean codes and unstable trims. The intake air temperature sensor itself and its wiring/connector. On many setups it’s part of the MAF, but on others it’s separate. If it reads unusually high, the ECU will miscalculate fueling. O2 sensor live data and fuel trims. If trims are swinging, it helps point to an air leak vs sensor vs fueling issue. Also check fuel pressure (weak pump/regulator can cause lean under load).
About the cold-start grinding: that’s often related to the M271 timing chain/cam adjuster/tensioner area. Oil viscosity can make it worse, but a brief “grind/rattle” on cold start is a known warning sign. I’d avoid driving it hard until you confirm chain/tensioner condition and correct oil spec.