This new oil for diesel engines with particle filter should become available in the USA on May 15.

Is this the oil that's being repackaged as Mobil 1 5W-40 Turbodiesel oil?

The above is a different oil although with the same viscosity but has no MB approvals.

The new Mobil 1 ESP Formula M 5W-40 is a new oil and not yet available anywhere as far as I can tell. It's a "longlife low SAPS oil", low in sulfated ash and phosphorus and also with low vapor pressure so it wont pollute the exhaust particle filter. It extends the oil service interval to 20,000 km / 12,500 mi. It complies with the new MB oil recommendation 229.51 which should be printed on the can so one can differentiate it. It's probably based on Mobil 1 0W-40 or Mobil 1 0W-40 Turbodiesel, both of which have 229.3 and 229.5 approvals.

Some more oil stuff is here:

http://www.whnet.com/4x4/oil.html

The W164 and W251 are also approved for this oil:

Is there an advantage to using this oil over delvac if I have a 2005?

Mobil Delvac 1 5W-40 228.5 should be fine, although formulated a bit different for commercial diesel trucks. There's now also a Delvac low SAPS oil for those commercial trucks with Bluetec. It's the new Mobil Delvac XHP LE Extra 10W-40 228.51.

So for the old OM617s running synthetic, Mobil 1 Turbodiesel 5W-40 is just fine, the new oil is for the newer diesels right?

Exactly.

My feeling is that if you change your oil at intervals of around 3-5000, you don't need the special properties of the newer long life oils. Only if you want to run the interval change to the limit, do you need these oils. Just a gut feeling. No proof. Running Mobil 5-40 Delvac. Oil and MB filter change at 5000 mile intervals. Do it myself, using a Liquidynamics Oil Evacuator.